The Participatory Development Working Paper series looks at issues in the broad spread of participatory development and welcomes papers for online publication. They seek to provide readers with access to current research on Participatory Development with the aim to provide an avenue to explore relevant issues in line with the aims of the MAAPD Program. Publication as a 'Working Paper' does not preclude subsequent publication in scholarly journals or books, indeed it may facilitate publication by providing feedback from readers to authors. Authors are responsible for their own analysis and conclusions. For further information please contact maapd@anu.edu.au.